The Near East refers loosely to what is known as the Middle East today. It is deemed the cradle of civilization because of its breakthroughs in writing, mathematics, astrology, warfare, law and Agriculture. It owes its prestige to the Sumer civilization, which was the wellspring of new technology and systems for trade, and industry. The Near Eastern civilizations were aligned with their spiritual beliefs, which are of a divine force guiding all worldly endeavors, that could be discerned through various means.
